| L1 | General answer lacking specific background knowledge | 1-2 | 
| L2 | Describes with specific detail: 1 mark for each substantiated point. | 3-4 | 
| L1 | General reasons lacking specific background knowledge OR General narrative of the event / issue in question | 1 -2 | 
| L2 | Identifies reasons; valid assertions lacking explanation OR Detailed narrative of the event / issue in question | 3-4 | 
| L3 | Explains reasons; valid assertions explained with evidence | 5-6 | 
| L1 | General assertions ; little evidence of background knowledge | 1 | 
| L2 | One-sided answer ; valid assertions lacking substantiation | 2-3 | 
| L3 | One-sided answer ; valid assertions substantiated with evidence OR Multi-causal answer ; valid assertions lacking substantiation | 3-5 | 
| L5 | Multi-causal answer ; valid assertions substantiated with evidence | 6-8 | 
| L5 | As L4, but with a meaningful conclusion | 9-10 |