How was the Meiji Restoration achieved?

The Charter Oath and the Meiji Constitution

In 1866, the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance united two powerful domains against the Tokugawa. The shogunate then launched the Second Choshu Expedition, intending to crush the alliance; instead, the modernized Choshu forces won a decisive victory, exposing the shogunate’s military weakness. Shogun Tokugawa Iemochi then died, and this provoked the Alliance to seize the political initiative: the January 1868 coup in Kyoto formally abolished the shogunate and ushered in the Meiji Restoration.

Part of the full scheme of work on the Meiji Restoration