July 25

Events

0306 - Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
0315 - The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
0677 - Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls.
0864 - The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
1137 - Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux.
1278 - The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile.
1467 - The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively.
1593 - Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
1609 - The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.
1788 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).
1814 - War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed.
1993 - Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.
2010 - WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.

Births

0975 - Birth of Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg (d. 1018)
1016 - Birth of Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
1165 - Birth of Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher (d. 1240)
1261 - Birth of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1312)
1336 - Birth of Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1404)
1450 - Birth of Jakob Wimpfeling, Renaissance humanist (d. 1528)
1562 - Birth of Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord (d. 1611)
1657 - Birth of Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, German composer (d. 1714)
1750 - Birth of Henry Knox, American general and politician, 1st United States Secretary of War (d. 1806)
1866 - Birth of Frederick Blackman, English physiologist and academic (d. 1947)
1976 - Birth of Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan, Macedonian poet and critic

Deaths

0306 - Death of Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor (b. 250)
0885 - Death of Ragenold, margrave of Neustria
1011 - Death of Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)
1190 - Death of Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem
1409 - Death of Martin I, king of Sicily (b. 1376)
1572 - Death of Isaac Luria, Ottoman rabbi and mystic (b. 1534)
1608 - Death of Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (b. 1556)
1794 - Death of André Chénier, Greek-French poet and author (b. 1762)
1887 - Death of John Taylor, American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1808)
1998 - Death of Evangelos Papastratos, Greek businessman, co-founded Papastratos (b. 1910)
2018 - Death of Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian businessman